Ocean Cpa Method.pdf -

The perpendicular distance from the own ship to the target's relative motion line. 5. Advanced Refinements

Uses radio waves to track the relative bearing and range of nearby targets. Ocean CPA method.pdf

Recent research, such as that found on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate , suggests improving basic CPA by: The perpendicular distance from the own ship to

More details on reliability in CPA calculations Ocean CPA method.pdf

): The vector difference between the own ship’s velocity and the target's velocity.

Calculated by dividing the relative distance projection by the relative speed.

Defining a "safe zone" around a ship rather than a single point.