The first organized noble opposition seeking a constitution and the abolition of serfdom. The Reign of Nicholas I (1825–1855)
Attempts to create a class of individual land-owning peasants to stabilize the countryside. kratkoe soderzhanie paragrafov po istorii rossii 9 klass
The formula of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality." The first organized noble opposition seeking a constitution
Napoleon’s invasion and the "Patriotic War." Russia emerges as the "Gendarme of Europe." kratkoe soderzhanie paragrafov po istorii rossii 9 klass
Introduction of local self-government and trial by jury.
Radical movements culminating in the assassination of the Tsar in 1881. The Era of Counter-Reforms: Alexander III (1881–1894)
The slow decline of the nobility and the rise of the industrial proletariat (working class) and intelligentsia.