: Post-colonial and gender-based studies challenge the "Eurocentric" history of the field and highlight the security needs of the Global South. ORIGINS, DEVELOPMENT AND CONTENDING APPROACHES
Historically, the field was dominated by during the Cold War.
Since the 1990s, scholars have expanded the definition of security beyond military force, a process often called "widening" (new sectors) and "deepening" (new levels). International and Security Studies Internationa...
: The focus has shifted toward protecting individuals from hunger, disease, and repression, rather than just protecting borders.
: Research primarily centered on the state as the main actor and the preservation of national sovereignty. : The focus has shifted toward protecting individuals
: Analysis often relied on realist theories, viewing international politics as a struggle for power in an anarchic system. 2. Widening and Deepening the Field
: Core topics included nuclear deterrence, bipolarity, and conventional military threats. DEVELOPMENT AND CONTENDING APPROACHES Historically
International Security Studies (ISS) is a major sub-field of International Relations that focuses on organized violence, military conflict, and the protection of states and individuals. A review of this field covers its transition from traditional Cold War-era military strategies to modern, "widened" concerns like human and environmental security. 1. Traditional Foundations