: Acts of prejudice that are not criminal, such as using racial slurs or non-threatening bullying.
: Younger adults (18-34) are significantly more likely (49%) to encounter online hate than older adults.
While "hate" is an emotion, in public policy and law it is categorized by specific actions motivated by bias against "identity factors" like race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or nationality.
: One in three adults reported seeing online hate in the past year, and 18% personally experienced it.
More Complete Information Needed about Hate Crimes ... - GAO
Online hate has surged, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by misinformation and social media algorithms that often amplify hateful content.
: Criminal acts (e.g., assault, vandalism, murder) where the perpetrator is motivated by bias. In the U.S., a hate crime occurs nearly every hour based on FBI data . 2. The Rising Digital Dimension