GSM provides a variety of standard services and built-in security measures:
Primarily high-quality digital voice calls and SMS. GSM – Architecture, Protocols and Services
Uses the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) to store unique identity information. Security is maintained through a challenge-response authentication mechanism and over-the-air encryption using algorithms like A5. GSM provides a variety of standard services and
Often called the core network, it performs call switching and manages subscriber mobility. Key components include: GSM – Architecture, Protocols and Services
Support for data transmission, originally limited to 9.6 kbps but later improved through upgrades like GPRS and EDGE .