: The mean regarding bodily pleasures (specifically touch and taste). The temperate person desires pleasant things in the right amount and manner. Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle | Book 2
: Intellectual (taught) and Moral (habituated). Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...
Aristotle investigates the conditions under which we are responsible for our actions and details the first two specific virtues. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Action : The mean regarding bodily pleasures (specifically touch
: To be truly virtuous, an agent must: Act with knowledge . Choose the act for its own sake. Act from a stable character disposition. ⚖️ Book III: Moral Responsibility & Primary Virtues Aristotle investigates the conditions under which we are
: Virtue is a "mean" state between two vicious extremes: Excess : Having too much of a trait (e.g., Rashness). Deficiency : Having too little of a trait (e.g., Cowardice).
: The mean regarding fear and confidence. It is the willingness to face death or pain for a noble end.