Research on highlights a persistent "double marginalization" based on both age and gender. While recent years have seen an increase in "silvering screen" films, older women often remain underrepresented, stereotyped, or expected to adhere to "youthful" beauty standards. 1. Key Academic Papers & Books
: A 2020 study noting that Hollywood routinely ignores the tastes of older women and frequently uses them to reinforce stereotypes of passive victimhood or "cronish" villains.
: Josephine Dolan examines how "old age" is gendered, identifying "ageing femininity" as a target for rejuvenation while masculine aging is often seen as enhancing youthfulness.